After the phonetic alphabet was developed by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) (see history below) it was adopted by many other international and national organizations, including the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the International Maritime Organization (IMO), the United States Federal Government (as Federal Standard 1037C: Glossary of Telecommunications Terms,[3] and its successor ANSI T1.523-2001, ATIS Telecom Glossary,[4] both of which cite Joint Publication 1-02: Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms,[5] but modifying the spelling of alfa and juliett) and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), and the International Amateur Radio Union (IARU), the American Radio Relay League (ARRL), the Association of Public-Safety Communications Officials-International (APCO); and by many military organizations such as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the now-defunct Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO). The Radiotelephony Spelling Alphabet is used by the International Civil Aviation Organization for international aircraft communications.[1][18]. Also, the ITU and IMO specify a different pronunciation of numerals than does the ICAO, using compound words combining the English word with either a Spanish or Latin prefix. The International Radiotelephony Spelling Alphabet, commonly known as the NATO phonetic alphabet or the ICAO phonetic alphabet, is the most widely used radiotelephone spelling alphabet.

[31][8] ICAO's directions to him were that "To be considered, a word must: After further study and modification by each approving body, the revised alphabet was adopted on 1 November 1951, to become effective on 1 April 1952 for civil aviation (but it may not have been adopted by any military). The U.S. adopted the Joint Army/Navy radiotelephony alphabet during 1941 to standardize systems among all branches of its armed forces. Both the IPA and respelled pronunciations were developed by the ICAO before 1956 with advice from the governments of both the United States and United Kingdom,[16] so the pronunciations of both General American English and British Received Pronunciation are evident, especially in the rhotic and non-rhotic accents. To change one word involves reconsideration of the whole alphabet to ensure that the change proposed to clear one confusion does not itself introduce others.[2]. "Echo Fox investors confirm Echo Fox is 100 percent dissolved", Echo Fox Signs Jon "dekillsage" Coello to Fighting Game Roster, Echo Fox signs Justin Wong, Momochi, Tokido, Sonic Fox, and MKLeo in stunning FGC move, Echo Fox signs Mew2King as their first Smash player, https://liquipedia.net/smash/index.php?title=Echo_Fox&oldid=218615. Major F. D. Handy, directorate of Communications in the Army Air Force (and a member of the working committee of the Combined Communications Board), enlisted the help of Harvard University's Psycho-Acoustic Laboratory, asking them to determine the most successful word for each letter when using "military interphones in the intense noise encountered in modern warfare.". [citation needed], In the official version of the alphabet,[1] the non-English spellings Alfa and Juliett are used.

Among the more interesting of the research findings was that "higher noise levels do not create confusion, but do intensify those confusions already inherent between the words in question".[30]. To enable the U.S., UK, and Australian armed forces to communicate during joint operations, in 1943 the CCB (Combined Communications Board; the combination of US and UK upper military commands) modified the U.S. military's Joint Army/Navy alphabet for use by all three nations, with the result being called the US-UK spelling alphabet.

Only the ICAO prescribes pronunciation with the IPA, and then only for letters.