My servant never ceases drawing near to Me through supererogatory works until I love him. And thus he is to turn his full consciousness towards God Most High while saying three times: "Ilahî anta maqsûdî wa-ridâka matlûbî—my God, you are my Goal and Your good pleasure is what I seek". [174] It was founded by Shah Ni'matullah Wali (died 1367), established and transformed from his inheritance of the Ma'rufiyyah circle. And likewise the prophetic tradition: "The most favored level of faith is to know that God is witness over you, wherever you may be". Additionally, the seeker ought to be firmly grounded in supererogatory practices known from the life of Muhammad (such as the "sunnah prayers"). Many Sufi believe that to reach the highest levels of success in Sufism typically requires that the disciple live with and serve the teacher for a long period of time. The practice of muraqaba can be likened to the practices of meditation attested in many faith communities. Sufism Meaning in English to Urdu is تصوّف, as written in Urdu and Tasawuf, as written in Roman Urdu. ", See examples provided by Muzaffar Ozak in. Sufi Name Meaning is Islamic Mystic,. Sufi saint Amir Khusrau is said to have infused Persian, Arabic Turkish and Indian classical melodic styles to create the genre in the 13th century. Sheikh Nadjm ed-Din Kubra was among those killed by the Mongols. Mbacke suggests that one reason Sufism has taken hold in Senegal is because it can accommodate local beliefs and customs, which tend toward the mystical. [81] Sufism is traditional in Morocco, but has seen a growing revival with the renewal of Sufism under contemporary spiritual teachers such as Hamza al Qadiri al Boutchichi. 1 (2019): 17–49. [151] The marvels ascribed to Islamic saints have included supernatural physical actions, predictions of the future, and "interpretation of the secrets of hearts". [168] Rabi'a was born of very poor origin, but was captured by bandits at a later age and sold into slavery. [96] Sufis have historically revered Muhammad as the prime personality of spiritual greatness. The seeker remains aware that He is Present, Watchful, Encompassing of all, thereby exemplifying the meaning of his saying (may God bless him and grant him peace): "Worship God as though you see Him, for if you do not see Him, He sees you". [11] They strive for ihsan (perfection of worship), as detailed in a hadith: "Ihsan is to worship Allah as if you see Him; if you can't see Him, surely He sees you. No important domain in the civilization of Islam remained unaffected by Sufism in this period. The Ni'matullāhī order is the most widespread Sufi order of Persia today. The songs are classified into hamd, na'at, manqabat, marsiya or ghazal, among others. [68], Historically, Sufism became “an incredibly important part of Islam” and "one of the most widespread and omnipresent aspects of Muslim life" in Islamic civilization from the early medieval period onwards,[58][69] when it began to permeate nearly all major aspects of Sunni Islamic life in regions stretching from India and Iraq to the Balkans and Senegal. [52] From the twelfth to the fourteenth century, "the general veneration of saints, among both people and sovereigns, reached its definitive form with the organization of Sufism ... into orders or brotherhoods. A concise and useful summary of this system from a living exponent of this tradition has been published by Muhammad Emin Er. [112], Sufism has contributed significantly to the elaboration of theoretical perspectives in many domains of intellectual endeavor. For an introduction to the normative creed of Islam as espoused by the consensus of scholars, see Hamza Yusuf. The entry details many parallels to Sufic concepts found in the writings of prominent Kabbalists during the Golden age of Jewish culture in Spain. The order was formalized by his nephew, Shahab al-Din Abu Hafs Umar Suhrawardi. By focusing on the more spiritual aspects of religion, Sufis strive to obtain direct experience of God by making use of "intuitive and emotional faculties" that one must be trained to use. [185] According to Philip Jenkins, a Professor at Baylor University, "the Sufis are much more than tactical allies for the West: they are, potentially, the greatest hope for pluralism and democracy within Muslim nations." [48] The Naqshbandi order is a notable exception to general rule of orders tracing their spiritual lineage through Muhammad's grandsons, as it traces the origin of its teachings from Muhammad to the first Islamic Caliph, Abu Bakr. Meaning of Sufi. [23], The term Sufism was originally introduced into European languages in the 18th century by Orientalist scholars, who viewed it mainly as an intellectual doctrine and literary tradition at variance with what they saw as sterile monotheism of Islam. [65], Two of al-Ghazali's greatest treatises are the Revival of Religious Sciences and what he termed "its essence", the Kimiya-yi sa'ādat. During the trial of al-Hallaj, his former disciple, the Caliph of the time demanded his fatwa. Definitions. The Mevlevi Order is better known in the West as the "whirling dervishes". In July 2016, at International Sufi Festival[208] held in Noida Film City, UP, India, H.E. Senussi is a religious-political Sufi order established by Muhammad ibn Ali as-Senussi. Then whosoever breaks his pledge, breaks it only to his own harm, and whosoever fulfils what he has covenanted with Allâh, He will bestow on him a great reward. [14] Such modern trends of neo-Sufis in Western countries allow non-Muslims to receive "instructions on following the Sufi path", not without opposition by Muslims who consider such instruction outside the sphere of Islam. [32][33][31], Verily, those who give Bai'âh (pledge) to you (O Muhammad) they are giving Bai'âh (pledge) to Allâh. Likewise, in Fez, Morocco, a popular destination for such pious visitation is the Zaouia Moulay Idriss II and the yearly visitation to see the current Sheikh of the Qadiri Boutchichi Tariqah, Sheikh Sidi Hamza al Qadiri al Boutchichi to celebrate the Mawlid (which is usually televised on Moroccan National television). Sufi orders (tariqa) trace most of their original precepts from Muhammad through Ali ibn Abi Talib, with the notable exception of the Naqshbandi order, who trace their original precepts to Muhammad through Abu Bakr. Winter to Abu Hamid Muhammad al-Ghazali, Murad, Abdul Hakim. This is sought through abandoning one's nafs, egos or personal desires, by listening to the music, focusing on God, and spinning one's body in repetitive circles, which has been seen as a symbolic imitation of planets in the Solar System orbiting the sun. Sheikh Bawa Muhaiyaddeen tirelessly spent the rest of his life preaching, healing and comforting the many souls that came to see him. [180]. Find Sufi multiple name meanings and name pronunciation in English, Arabic and Urdu. [196], The precepts prescribed by the Torah number 613 only; those dictated by the intellect are innumerable. Ibn Taymiyya's Sufi inclinations and his reverence for Sufis like Abdul-Qadir Gilani can also be seen in his hundred-page commentary on Futuh al-ghayb, covering only five of the seventy-eight sermons of the book, but showing that he considered tasawwuf essential within the life of the Islamic community. Its ability to articulate an inclusive Islamic identity with greater emphasis on personal and small-group piety has made Sufism especially well-suited for contexts characterized by religious pluralism and secularist perspectives. The definition of Sufism can vary drastically between different traditions (what may be intended is simple tazkiah as opposed to the various manifestations of Sufism around the Islamic world).[108]. More generally, dhikr takes a wide range and various layers of meaning. [26], Important contributions in writing are attributed to Uwais al-Qarani, Hasan of Basra, Harith al-Muhasibi, Abu Nasr as-Sarraj and Said ibn al-Musayyib. "desiring the knowledge of knowing God and loving God".[171]. Abul Hasan ash-Shadhili (died 1258), the founder of the Shadhiliyya order, introduced dhikr jahri (the remembrance of God out loud, as opposed to the silent dhikr). The Arabic word tasawwuf (lit. Ibn Arabi regards Muhammad as the supreme human being and master of all creatures. There are always several meanings of each word in Urdu, the correct meaning of Sufi in Urdu is صوفی, and in roman we write it Sufi. [119] The seeker must also, of necessity, turn away from sins, love of this world, the love of company and renown, obedience to satanic impulse, and the promptings of the lower self. [169] Rabi'a al-Adawiyya is known for her teachings and emphasis on the centrality of the love of God to a holy life. Bayazid Bastami is a very well recognized and influential Sufi personality. - Shaykh Abdal Hakim Murad (Dr. Timothy Winter)", "Profile of Sheikh Ahmad Muhammad Al-Tayyeb on, "Caner Dagli, "Rumi, the Qur'an, and Heterodoxy," note on Facebook", "Dr. Jonathan A.C. Brown - What is Sufism? Prominent Sufi leader Hasan of Basra is said to have castigated himself before her superior merits and sincere virtues. [203] Elif Şafak's novel The Forty Rules of Love is a fictionalized account of Rumi's encounter with the Persian dervish Shams Tabrizi. ", Musical instruments (except the duff) have traditionally been considered as prohibited by the four orthodox Sunni schools,[128][134][135][136][137] and the more orthodox Sufi tariqas also continued to prohibit their use. Yet, those who have not had a taste of it do not know! Prerequisites to practice include rigorous adherence to Islamic norms (ritual prayer in its five prescribed times each day, the fast of Ramadan, and so forth). [19][20] Such groups include The Sufi Order in the West, founded by Inayat Khan, which teaches the essential unity of all faiths, and accepts members of all creeds. [13] Ibn Arabi also maintains that Muhammad is the master of all of humanity in both this world and the afterlife. The extent to which Sufi orders declined in the first half of the 20th century varied from country to country, but by the middle of the century the very survival of the orders and traditional Sufi lifestyle appeared doubtful to many observers. There are always several meanings of each word in Urdu, the correct meaning of Sufism in Urdu is تصوّف, and in roman we write it Tasawuf. He cites the early shaykhs (shuyukh al-salaf) such as Al-Fuḍayl ibn ‘Iyāḍ, Ibrahim ibn Adham, Ma`ruf al-Karkhi, Sirri Saqti, Junayd of Baghdad, and others of the early teachers, as well as Abdul-Qadir Gilani, Hammad, Abu al-Bayan and others of the later masters— that they do not permit the followers of the Sufi path to depart from the divinely legislated command and prohibition. Ja'far al-Sadiq (both an imam in the Shia tradition and a respected scholar and link in chains of Sufi transmission in all Islamic sects) held that human beings are dominated by a lower self called the nafs (self, ego, person), a faculty of spiritual intuition called the qalb (heart), and ruh (soul). Sufis often visit the shrine for ziyarat, a term associated with religious visits and pilgrimages. [199][200], In 2005, Indian musician Rabbi Shergill released a Sufi rock song called "Bulla Ki Jaana", which became a chart-topper in India and Pakistan. 1389]). His writings, especially al-Futuhat al-Makkiyya and Fusus al-hikam, have been studied within all the Sufi orders as the clearest expression of tawhid (Divine Unity), though because of their recondite nature they were often only given to initiates. [49], Over the years, Sufi orders have influenced and been adopted by various Shi'i movements, especially Isma'ilism, which led to the Safaviyya order's conversion to Shia Islam from Sunni Islam and the spread of Twelverism throughout Iran.