Page 27 Dār Al-Wafa’, Khadduri, pp. student of Imam Abu Hanifa, and tried to reconcile the Maliki and the Hanafi With this systematization of shari'a, he provided a legacy of unity for all Muslims and forestalled the development of independent, regionally based legal systems. Hasan ... Ibris al-Shafi'i (d. 204/820), one may have expected to find al-Shafi'i listed among [10], Nafisah was a descendant of the Islamic Nabi (Prophet) Muhammad, through his grandson Hasan ibn Ali, who married another descendant of Muhammad, that is Is-haq al-Mu'tamin the son of the Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq, who was reportedly a teacher of ash-Shafi'i's teacher Malik ibn Anas[2][17]:121 and Abu Hanifah. [10], Al-Shāfi'ī traveled to Baghdad to study with Abu Hanifah's acolyte al-Shaybānī and others. He told me who they were: his parents, al-Shafi"T, Abui Zur ah, and one more Shafi'i considered law vital to social and cosmic order: the key obligation of each Muslim was to obey God, and it was through knowing and following the law that human beings fulfilled this duty. [36] While earlier, sunnah had been used to refer to tribal manners and customs,[37] (and while Al-Shāfi‘ī distinguished between the non-authoritative "sunnah of the Muslims" that was followed in practice, and the "sunnah of the Prophet" that Muslims should follow),[29] sunnah came to mean the Sunnah of Muhammad. The Mujadid of the 2nd century was Imam of Ahlul Sunnah Muhammad Idrees as-Shafi'i the Mujadid of the 3rd century was Imam of Ahlul Sunnah Abu Hasan Ashari the Mujadid of the 4th century was Abu Abdullah Hakim Nishapuri. Shirazi alFayruzabadi is a Shafi'I Imam, teacher, and debater. Al Muzani said of him, "He said in the Old School: ‘Supplication ends with the invocation of blessings on the Prophet, and its end is but by means of it.’” Al-Karabisi said: “I heard al-Shafi’i say that he disliked for someone to say ‘the Messenger’ (al-Rasul), but that he should say ‘Allah’s Messenger’ (Rasul Allah) out of veneration for him.” He divided his night into three parts: one for writing, one for praying, and one for sleeping. [1], At least one authority states that al-Shāfi'ī died as a result of injuries sustained from an attack by supporters of a Maliki follower named Fityan. Often referred to as 'Shaykh al-Islām', al-Shāfi‘ī was one of the four great Sunni Imams, whose legacy on juridical matters and teaching eventually led to the Shafi'i school of fiqh (or Madh'hab). By this time, his stature as a jurist had grown sufficiently to permit him to establish an independent line of legal speculation. SHARECROPPING IN THE KITABAL-UMM 4.21 Al-Shāfi'ī and his Kitāb al-Umm Al-Shafi‘i loved the Islamic prophet Muhammad very deeply. Other accounts state that the famous Hanafi jurist, Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan al-Shaybānī, was present at the court and defended al-Shāfi‘ī as a well-known student of the sacred law. A Mujadid appears at the end of every century: The Mujtahid of the 1st century was Imam of Ahlul Sunnah, Umar bin Abdul Aziz. For the village in Iran, see, Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi'i in, Scholars of other Sunni Islamic schools of jurisprudence, أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ ٱلشَّافِعِيُّ, Apprenticeship under Al-Shaybānī, and exposure to Hanafī Jurists, Ibn Abi Hatim, Manaaqibush-Shaafi'ee, pg. The suggestion that al-Shafi'i's ideas on revelation and its interpretation had a ancestor; this noble lineage surely opened doors for the young boy who grew up Kecia Ali, Imam Shafiʿi: Scholar and Saint (Oxford: Oneworld Press, 2011). Dr. Tareq Al Suwaidan. riding horses. Fityan's supporters were enraged by this treatment and attacked Shafi'i in retaliation after one of his lectures. [11], At the age of thirty, al-Shāfi‘ī was appointed as the ‘Abbasid governor in the Yemeni city of Najran. "Where his contemporaries and their predecessors had engaged in defining Islam as a social and historical phenomenon, Shafi'i sought to define a revealed Law."[29]. Muhammad Shakir (Cairo, 1940), 84, The Levels of the Shafiee scholars by Imam As-Subki طبقات الشافعية للسبكي. It was also postulated that this unfortunate incident impelled him to devote the rest of his career to legal studies, never again to seek government service. We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. [3][4][5] Thus all of the four great Imams of Sunni Fiqh (Abu Hanifah, Malik, his student Ash-Shafi'i, and his student Ibn Hanbal) are connected to Imam Ja'far from the Bayt (Household) of Muhammad, whether directly or indirectly. LOWRY For a great imām who died early in the third / [10] Al-Shāfi'ī eventually left Baghdad for Mecca in 804 CE, possibly because of complaints by Hanafī followers to al-Shaybānī that al-Shafi'i had become somewhat critical of al-Shaybānī's position during their disputes. Abstract views reflect the number of visits to the article landing page. Usage data cannot currently be displayed. 15–16 (Translator's Introduction). Caliph Al-Ma'mun is said to have offered al-Shāfi'ī a position as a judge, but he declined the offer. hadith), and not vice versa. 160. URL: /core/journals/international-journal-of-middle-east-studies. Al-Rabie' said, “Al- Al-Shāfi‘ī emphasized the final authority of a hadith of Muhammad so that even the Qur'an was "to be interpreted in the light of traditions (i.e. Ahmad al-Faqih, who cites Abui Umar report that he heard ؟ Muhammad al- 204 / 820 ) proves He was given the title of Nasir al-Sunnah, the Defender of the Sunnah. Al-Shāfi‘ī belonged to the Qurayshi clan of Banu Muttalib, which was the sister clan of the Banu Hashim, to which the Prophet Muhammad and the 'Abbasid caliphs belonged. Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi'i (767-820) was one of Islam's foundational legal thinkers. Al-Shāfi'ī biographers all agree that the legacy of works under his name are the result of those sessions with his disciples. As a result, al-Shāfi'ī reportedly participated in a debate with al-Shaybānī over their differences, though who won the debate is disputed. [15] It was here that he developed his first madh'hab, influenced by the teachings of both Imam Abu Hanifa and Imam Malik. [citation needed]. Email your librarian or administrator to recommend adding this journal to your organisation's collection. [10] Some authorities stress the difficulties encountered by him in his arguments. surprisingly ... Idris al-Shāfi'i, Diwān al-Imām al-Shāfi'i, ed. [citation needed], It was here that al-Shāfi'ī actively participated in legal arguments with the Hanafī jurists, strenuously defending the Mālikī school of thought. He claimed that the game of chess was an image of war, and it was possible to play chess as a mental exercise for the solution of military tactics. Full text views reflects the number of PDF downloads, PDFs sent to Google Drive, Dropbox and Kindle and HTML full text views. Diwan al-Imam al-shafi'i, (book of poems – al-shafi'i) p. 100; Dar El-Mrefah Beirut – Lebanon 2005. International propagation of Salafism and Wahhabism, "Great Women in Islamic History: A Forgotten Legacy", "Tour Egypt :: The Mausoleum of Imam al-Shafi", "Islamic Law; the impact of Joseph Schacht", The Life of Imam al-Shafi'i at Lost Islamic History, Diagram of teachers and students of Imam Shafi'i, Shahab al-Din Yahya ibn Habash Suhrawardi, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Al-Shafiʽi&oldid=981433488, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles having same image on Wikidata and Wikipedia, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from February 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2015, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2019, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Abu Muhammad Abdullah ibn Abdul Hakam (died 829) wrote biographies and history books, student of Malik ibn Anas, Key: Travelled extensively collecting the sayings of Muhammad and compiled books of hadith.